Design a reliable cache-aside flow with PostgreSQL as the source of truth, durable Kafka change events, correct consumer-group topology, version-aware Redis invalidation, TTL fallback, and protection against stale cache refills.
Choose a tenant-isolation model, derive tenant identity from authenticated claims, use Hibernate tenant filtering with PostgreSQL row-level security, and test every path that can cross tenant boundaries.
Build a practical test strategy for Spring Boot microservices with fast domain tests, PostgreSQL and Kafka integration tests, message-contract checks, deterministic asynchronous assertions, and a small set of end-to-end flows.
Run Spring Boot services on Istio 1.30 with an ambient data plane, waypoint-based Layer 7 routing, Kubernetes Gateway API canaries, strict mTLS, workload authorization, and application-level trace propagation.
Apply strategic and tactical DDD without equating every bounded context with a microservice: model subdomains, define context boundaries, enforce aggregate invariants with JPA, and publish durable integration events through an outbox.